
Private Prosecutions
Our private prosecution team is made up of highly experienced criminal prosecutors and defenders
Private prosecutions involve a complexity not found in public prosecutions. Our private prosecution team is made up of highly experienced criminal prosecutors and defenders who can help you to decide whether to whether there is sufficient evidence to commence a prosecution and whether it would be in the public interest.
The private prosecutor is required to comply with a statutory disclosure regime which is complicated and onerous. Our lawyers can assist you to manage that process to ensure you meet your legal obligations.
Conversely, if you face a threat of a private prosecution, our lawyers can help you to prevent it from starting or defend you if it is already underway.
Our private prosecutions team is led by Melinka Berridge and Alun Milford.
Melinka leads Kingsley Napley’s Regulatory department and co-founded the Private Prosecutors’ Association of England and Wales. Starting her career in 2000 as a Crown Prosecutor, she handled serious crimes and regulatory offences. She now advises individuals, corporates, charities, and regulators on the suitability of cases for prosecution.
Alun is a partner in the Criminal Litigation department, which he joined in 2019 following a long career as a public prosecutor which culminated in appointments as head of the Crown Prosecution Service’s organised crime division (2009 to 2012) and general counsel at the Serious Fraud Office (2012 to 2018).
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Private Prosecutions
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Frequently Asked Questions
Who can bring private prosecutions?
Any individual, victim, interested party, organisation, or company can start a private prosecution. The right to bring a private prosecution is provided in section 6(1) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. Anyone has the right to bring a private prosecution, unless the offence is one that requires the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) or the Attorney-General.
What cases are most suitable for a private prosecution?
- a crime has been committed in England or Wales
- the offender is identifiable and s/he is resident in England or Wales or the company is registered in the UK
- evidence has been obtained or is known to be available, in order to prove the crime
- the traditional prosecuting agencies have been approached but have decided not to prosecute or there is a justifiable reason as to why the traditional prosecuting agencies have not been approached.
- the prosecutor can demonstrate that they have a proper motive to use the criminal court to hold the offender to account.
Why do I need a lawyer to support me bring a private prosecution?
Lawyers acting on your behalf in a private prosecution will undertake a number of tasks, including:
- conducting an initial review on the suitability of your case for a private prosecution
- conducting a full review of all evidence obtained
- advising on further lines of investigation and instructing private investigators and experts to provide evidence not yet obtained
- preparing evidence in a form suitable to commence criminal proceedings
- interviewing witnesses and drafting witness statements
- Managing your disclosure obligations to ensure that all material obtained in the course of the investigation is disclosed as required by law
- Preparing the charges and liaising with the courts to commence proceedings
- Instructing counsel and managing the smooth conduct of the case from the first appearance to trial, as well as sentencing and any associated hearings required to bring the proceedings to conclusion
What are the risks involved in bringing a private prosecution?
The DPP can take over a private prosecution with a view to continuing the proceedings as a public prosecution or to discontinue it. A private prosecution can also be ‘stayed’ (stopped) by the courts where it is found that to continue the prosecution would amount to an abuse of process. Prosecutions which fall into this category may not only lead to a costs award against the prosecutor but may also prevent the prosecutor recovering their costs as well as incurring negative publicity and reputational impact. The likelihood of these risks occurring can be minimised by instructing a lawyer who understands and can manage the risks involved.
I have been threatened with a private prosecution, what should I do?
You must act promptly. It is important that you do not ignore this threat. The private prosecutor is subject to the same Minister of Justice obligations as a private prosecuting authority. Instructing expert lawyers at an early stage will provide you with the best possible chance of holding the private prosecutor to account and of dissuading the prosecutor to commence proceedings.
How do I stop a private prosecution that is underway?
There are various routes to stopping a private prosecution that has been improperly commenced or where there is some procedural flaw that cannot be rectified. A lawyer with expertise in the field will look at all possible routes for challenge and will advise you what option provides you with the greatest chance of success. Where it can be established that a defendant has incurred costs as a result of an improper act or omission by the private prosecutor, it may also be possible to obtain an award of costs from the prosecutor in favour of the defendant.
